What are the processes classified as chemical treatment processes?

Chemical treatment processes are specifically designed to alter the chemical characteristics of contaminants in water or wastewater in order to make it safe for discharge or reuse. Among the processes mentioned, neutralization, oxidation/reduction, and precipitation fit this definition.

Neutralization involves adding a substance that reacts with and neutralizes acidic or basic contaminants, bringing the pH to a safe level. This is particularly important in treating wastewater that may have extreme pH levels that can harm the environment or affect water treatment processes.

Oxidation/reduction processes involve chemical reactions that change the oxidation state of contaminants. For example, chlorine can be used to oxidize harmful organic compounds or reduce certain harmful metals ion concentrations, thus eliminating or reducing their toxicity.

Precipitation is a process where dissolved substances become solid particles that can then be removed from water. This is particularly effective for metals or other contaminants that can form insoluble compounds when treated with specific chemicals.

Each of these processes is fundamentally rooted in chemistry, making them integral to effective chemical treatment for water and wastewater management. Other processes listed, such as filtration or distillation, primarily involve physical separation rather than chemical transformation, thus categorizing them as physical treatment processes instead of chemical.