What does the ion exchange process typically remove from wastewater?

The ion exchange process is designed specifically to remove dissolved inorganic ions from wastewater. This method involves exchanging one type of ion in the water with another type from a resin or other medium. For example, in water treatment, the resin can replace undesirable ions such as heavy metals or hard water ions (like calcium and magnesium) with more benign ones, like sodium. This selective removal is advantageous for purifying water and making it suitable for various uses, including drinking and industrial applications.

Dissolved organic compounds, suspended solids, and acidic or basic substances are typically addressed through other treatment methods, such as biological treatment processes, filtration, and chemical neutralization. Ion exchange, however, excels in targeting dissolved inorganic ions specifically, which is why this is the correct choice.