What is the major pollutant found in the wastes and wastewater generated by the chlor-alkali industry?

The major pollutant found in the wastes and wastewater generated by the chlor-alkali industry is mercury. This occurs because the chlor-alkali process historically used mercury as a part of the electrolytic cells for the production of chlorine and caustic soda. Over time, the use of mercury has raised significant environmental and health concerns due to its toxicity. When mercury is not properly managed, it can contaminate water bodies, leading to serious ecological and human health risks, including neurological damage.

The chlor-alkali process has been moving towards more environmentally friendly methods, yet mercury remains a primary concern due to its persistent nature and bioaccumulation in the food chain. This focus highlights the industry's impact on the environment and the importance of monitoring and regulating mercury emissions and discharges to protect public health and aquatic ecosystems.